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Bernard Lawrence "Bernie" Madoff (;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Voice of America pronunciation guide )〕 born April 29, 1938) is an American swindler convicted of fraud and a former stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market, and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered to be the largest financial fraud in U.S. history. Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960, and was its chairman until his arrest on December 11, 2008. The firm was one of the top market maker businesses on Wall Street, which bypassed "specialist" firms by directly executing orders over the counter from retail brokers. He employed at the firm his brother Peter, as Senior Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer; Peter's daughter Shana Madoff, as the firm's rules and compliance officer and attorney; and his sons Andrew and Mark. Peter has since been sentenced to 10 years in prison and Mark committed suicide by hanging exactly two years after his father's arrest.〔("Officials: Bernie Madoff's Son Mark Madoff Found Dead Of Apparent Suicide In Soho Apartment" ). CBS〕 Andrew died of lymphoma on September 3, 2014.〔(Bernie Madoff's Surviving Son Andrew Dies of Lymphoma )〕 On December 10, 2008, Madoff's sons told authorities that their father had confessed to them that the asset management unit of his firm was a massive Ponzi scheme, and quoted him as describing it as "one big lie".〔 The following day, FBI agents arrested Madoff and charged him with one count of securities fraud. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had previously conducted investigations into Madoff's business practices, but had not uncovered the massive fraud.〔 On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars. Madoff said he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s. However, federal investigators believe the fraud began as early as the mid-1980s〔(Deferred prosecution agreement ) between JPMorgan Chase and federal government〕 and may have begun as far back as the 1970s. Those charged with recovering the missing money believe the investment operation may never have been legitimate.〔 The amount missing from client accounts, including fabricated gains, was almost $65 billion. The SIPC trustee estimated actual losses to investors of $18 billion.〔 On June 29, 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison, the maximum allowed. ==Early life== Madoff was born on April 29, 1938, in Queens, New York City, New York, the son of Jewish parents Sylvia (née Muntner; December 1911 – December 1974), a homemaker, and Ralph Madoff (June 1910 – July 1972), a plumber and stockbroker.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Social Security Death Index )〕 Madoff's grandparents were emigrants from Poland, Romania and Austria. He is the second of three children; his siblings are Sondra (Weiner) and Peter.〔("Report: Madoff's Sister Among Scammed Victims" ). ''Fox News''. January 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2011.〕〔. "Ruth, who grew up in Laurelton, Queens, with Bernie became his steady at Far Rockaway High School. She had attributes that intrigued Bernie: She had a “shiksa” look, but was Jewish; she was social and outgoing; she had a shrewd accountant father, and she was a whiz at one particular subject – math – all the right stuff for a future Master of the Universe in the gilded canyons of Wall Street. Married in 1959, Bernie would later cheat on her like he cheated his clients."〕 Madoff graduated from Far Rockaway High School in 1956. He attended the University of Alabama for one year, where he became a brother of the Tau Chapter of the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity, then transferred to and graduated from Hofstra University in 1960 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science.〔(10 Thing You Didn't Know About Bernard Madoff ). ''US News and World Report''. Retrieved August 6, 2011.〕 Madoff briefly attended Brooklyn Law School, but founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC and remained working for his own company.〔("The Talented Mr. Madoff" ). ''New York Times''. January 24, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2011.〕〔("10 Things You Didn't Know About Bernard Madoff" ). ''US News''. March 12, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bernard Madoff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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